Cocaine use during pregnancy primarily causes which of the following in the fetus?

Cocaine use during pregnancy primarily causes vasoconstriction in the fetus. This is significant as vasoconstriction can lead to reduced blood flow to the fetal organs and can compromise oxygen and nutrient delivery. Cocaine's stimulatory effects on the sympathetic nervous system result in increased vascular resistance, which can adversely affect placental blood flow and fetal development.

The consequences of vasoconstriction in the fetus can include low birth weight, preterm birth, and potentially fetal distress or demise due to inadequate perfusion. Understanding the impact of cocaine on vascular functions is crucial for neonatal nurses, as it highlights the importance of prevention and education regarding substance use during pregnancy.

By recognizing the pathway through which cocaine affects fetal development, healthcare providers can better support pregnant individuals and provide appropriate interventions for those who may be struggling with substance use.