Post-term infants are at a higher risk for which of the following complications?

Post-term infants, defined as those born after 42 weeks of gestation, are at a higher risk for several complications due to prolonged exposure to the intrauterine environment. Among these, asphyxia is especially concerning.

Asphyxia can occur during labor and delivery when there are issues such as uteroplacental insufficiency or the umbilical cord being compressed, which can decrease the oxygen supply to the fetus. In post-term pregnancies, the placenta may begin to age and function less efficiently, exacerbating the risk of asphyxia. The stress of labor can also be more pronounced in post-term infants, increasing their vulnerability to this type of injury. Additionally, these infants may have decreased amniotic fluid levels, which can further contribute to the risk of umbilical cord compression and potential asphyxia.

Other complications associated with post-term infants, such as apnea, necrotizing enterocolitis, and respiratory distress syndrome, are significant concerns but are less directly linked to the post-term condition. For instance, apnea is more commonly associated with prematurity rather than post-term status, while necrotizing enterocolitis is seen more frequently in preterm infants due to immature gastrointestinal systems. Respiratory distress syndrome, typically arising from