What is a potential consequence of cocaine exposure to a fetus?

Cocaine exposure during pregnancy can have several detrimental effects on fetal development, and one significant consequence is prematurity. Cocaine is a powerful stimulant that can lead to vasoconstriction of the maternal blood vessels, which in turn can reduce blood flow to the placenta. This diminished blood flow can impair fetal nutrition and oxygen supply, contributing to preterm labor and ultimately resulting in premature birth.

Prematurity can have various implications for the neonate, including a higher risk of complications in the neonatal period, such as respiratory distress syndrome, developmental delays, and increased susceptibility to infections. This connection highlights the potential risks associated with drug exposure during pregnancy and emphasizes the importance of maternal health and substance avoidance for fetal well-being.

The other options do not accurately reflect the consequences of cocaine exposure: normal fetal growth is unlikely in the presence of cocaine use, increased fetal movement is not a documented effect of cocaine on the fetus, and improved Apgar scores contradict the potential negative impact that cocaine can have on fetal health.