What is commonly assessed in the lung examination of a newborn?

In the lung examination of a newborn, the assessment is focused on identifying any abnormalities that might indicate respiratory distress or other underlying issues. Coarse rales, which are abnormal lung sounds characterized by a bubbling or rattling quality, can be indicative of fluid in the airways, often due to conditions like pneumonia or transient tachypnea of the newborn. The finding of coarse rales accompanied by a prolonged expiration phase may suggest airway obstruction or pulmonary pathology, making it a significant diagnostic clue in the evaluation of a newborn's respiratory status.

Clear lung sounds indicate normal respiratory function, while expected wheezing sounds are not commonly associated with a healthy lung examination in newborns. Decreased respiratory effort can suggest respiratory depression and may not be a typical finding during an assessment unless the baby is in distress or exhibiting signs of respiratory compromise. Therefore, the presence of coarse rales along with a prolonged expiration phase serves as an important assessment finding that can guide further evaluation and management in a neonatal context.