What is the primary method used to confirm the diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH)?

The primary method used to confirm the diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is the echocardiogram. This imaging technique provides detailed information regarding the heart's structure and function, allowing healthcare providers to visualize the right heart pressures and the direction of blood flow. It can assess the right ventricle's size, function, and any abnormalities in the heart’s chambers and valves, which are essential in evaluating the severity of pulmonary hypertension.

Echocardiography is capable of detecting elevated pulmonary artery pressures, which is critical in diagnosing PPH. It also helps differentiate PPH from other potential causes of respiratory distress in newborns. The non-invasive nature of an echocardiogram makes it a preferred first-line diagnostic tool in this clinical situation.

While other methods like chest X-rays or blood tests may provide supportive information, they do not offer the direct hemodynamic evaluation that an echocardiogram provides. A physical examination can suggest pulmonary hypertension through observed symptoms, but it cannot confirm the diagnosis without the objective data obtained from echocardiography.