What is the primary purpose of pulse oximetry in newborn screening?

The primary purpose of pulse oximetry in newborn screening is to detect congenital heart disease. This non-invasive method measures the oxygen saturation levels in the blood, providing immediate insight into how well the newborn's heart and lungs are functioning. Low oxygen saturation can be a critical indicator of potential circulatory issues, including congenital heart defects, which may not be apparent through physical examination alone.

Prompt detection of congenital heart disease through pulse oximetry allows for early intervention and management, which is vital in preventing serious complications. This screening is particularly effective because many congenital heart conditions can lead to significant desaturation, making it an invaluable tool in neonatal care.

In contrast, measuring body temperature, evaluating reflexes, or assessing muscle tone focuses on other physiological aspects and does not provide the specific information necessary for identifying heart defects. Therefore, pulse oximetry serves a crucial role in enhancing the early identification and treatment of congenital heart conditions in newborns.