What types of genetic disorders can lead to heart defects in neonates?

Genetic disorders can play a significant role in the development of heart defects in neonates, and they can originate from various genetic origins. Single-gene disorders, such as Marfan syndrome or Noonan syndrome, involve mutations in specific genes that can disrupt normal cardiovascular development. Chromosomal disorders, like Down syndrome or Turner syndrome, can result from abnormalities in the structure or number of chromosomes, which often include congenital heart defects as part of their clinical presentation. Polygenic disorders, arising from the complex interplay of multiple genes, can also contribute to congenital heart issues. Since all of these types of genetic disorders can lead to heart defects, the comprehensive answer encompasses them all. This integrative approach reflects the understanding that heart defects in neonates can be multifactorial, and a wide range of genetic factors are implicated.