Which pattern is commonly associated with FHR towards the end of the second stage of labor?

Throughout the end of the second stage of labor, variable decelerations in fetal heart rate (FHR) are often observed. This pattern occurs due to the umbilical cord being compressed during uterine contractions, which can temporarily restrict blood flow and oxygen to the fetus. As the fetus descends through the birth canal, movements can lead to cord compression, causing these variable decelerations.

In contrast, other patterns such as consistent accelerations are typically not linked with the end of the second stage and instead indicate reassuring circumstances, reflecting fetal well-being. Late decelerations signify potential issues like uteroplacental insufficiency, signaling that the fetus may be experiencing stress, which is not typical at this stage. Bradycardia refers to a slow heart rate, which can indicate distress or other complications, but it is not characteristically associated with the end of the second stage of labor.

Recognizing the significance of variable decelerations is essential for the ongoing assessment of fetal health during labor, providing insights into how well the fetus is tolerating the labor process.