Which term describes a common birthmark that is a raised, dark red, rough-surfaced lesion?

The term that describes a common birthmark characterized by a raised, dark red, rough-surfaced lesion is indeed nevus vasculosus, also known as a hemangioma. These are benign vascular tumors that typically appear shortly after birth and can grow rapidly during the first year before gradually resolving over time. Hemangiomas are formed from an overgrowth of blood vessels and may vary in size and appearance, often developing a distinctive texture that may feel elevated compared to the surrounding skin.

In contrast, nevus simplex, or "angel's kiss," refers to flat, pink lesions often found on the eyelids or between the eyes, which are not raised or dark red. Dermal melanocytosis, commonly known as a Mongolian spot, presents as a flat, blue-grey mark typically located on the lower back or buttocks. Lastly, a café-au-lait spot is a flat, light brown birthmark that can vary in size and is smooth to the touch, unlike the raised structure of a nevus vasculosus. Understanding these distinctions helps in accurate identification and reassurance for families concerned about their infant's skin markings.